Belgium has began a prison probe into allegations that Apple has knowingly sourced “blood minerals” from the Democratic Republic of Congo, in what attorneys for the central African nation have referred to as a “massive laundering and greenwashing operation”.
In December, the DRC filed prison complaints in Belgium and France towards subsidiaries of the US tech group, alleging they used minerals equipped by armed teams committing atrocities in japanese Congo.
Attorneys appearing for DRC stated prosecutors in Belgium had final week appointed an investigative decide — who oversees the investigation and is in command of issuing arrest warrants, wiretaps and raids — to probe the case. They have been nonetheless awaiting a call from France, the place the method was slower.
“This is the first step which shows that the prosecutor takes the case very seriously,” stated Christophe Marchand, the lawyer who ready the case in Belgium, which colonised Congo with catastrophic penalties within the early twentieth century.
The Brussels prosecutors’ workplace didn’t reply to a request for remark. Apple declined to remark for this story. It has beforehand stated it “strongly disputes” the claims and was “deeply committed to responsible sourcing of minerals” akin to coltan, a essential mineral utilized in its iPhones and different electronics, of which greater than half of world deposits are in Congo.
The prison criticism alleges that Apple buys tantalum, an ore extracted from coltan, in addition to tin, tungsten and gold — the so-called 3TG minerals — from mines whose income stoke struggle in japanese DRC and promote youngster labour and environmental degradation. Thousands and thousands of individuals have been displaced in combating by which rape and killing of civilians is frequent.
A miner within the Democratic Republic of Congo holds tantalum stones, an ore which is extracted from coltan © Kuni Takahashi/Getty Photos
Most of the minerals are licensed to have come from mines in non-conflict areas or from Rwanda. However the criticism alleges that the so-called “bagging and tagging” certification course of on which Apple and different electronics giants rely is deeply flawed and that minerals labelled as coming from Rwanda are, in truth, sourced from Congolese mines.
“There is no tech company on Earth that doesn’t know that everything purchased from Rwanda is 90 per cent sure to be Congolese,” Robert Amsterdam, whose legislation agency is representing DRC, instructed the Monetary Occasions.
In a report this month, the UN stated Rwandan-backed rebels in japanese DRC “fraudulently exported” not less than 150 metric tons of coltan to Rwanda final yr, resulting in what it referred to as “the largest contamination” of the area’s mineral provide chain on file.
M23 rebels — which the UN, US, EU and Congo say are backed by Rwanda — had, the report said, gained management over a lot of an important mines, “establishing a parallel administration controlling mining activities, trade, transport and the taxation of minerals produced”.
Kigali has persistently denied backing M23 rebels or benefiting from what Kinshasa claims is the $1bn a yr it loses from smuggled minerals.
In a March 2024 submitting with the Securities and Trade Fee, Apple stated: “We found no reasonable basis for concluding that any of the smelters or refiners of 3TG determined to be in our supply chain . . . directly or indirectly financed or benefited armed groups in the DRC.”
However in December, Apple stated it was involved that it “was no longer possible for independent auditors or industry certification mechanisms to perform the due diligence required to meet our high standards” and had knowledgeable its suppliers to droop sourcing 3TG metals from both DRC or Rwanda.
Amsterdam characterised the brand new sourcing resolution as a smoking gun. “It’s an admission that the supply chains are basically infiltrated with bogus minerals,” he stated.
Apple has sought to extend use of recycled minerals in its merchandise, saying it aimed to supply 100 per cent recycled cobalt for batteries by this yr.
Individually, attorneys appearing for DRC have sought to attract the EU into the struggle towards Apple by sending a letter to Ursula von der Leyen, president of the European Fee, depicting as a “farce” the bloc’s settlement with Rwanda, signed final February, on sustainable sourcing of essential minerals.
“The EU has signed an MOU with Rwanda on developing their 3TG mineral programmes when anybody with a high school education knows Rwanda doesn’t have the minerals,” Amsterdam stated. “It isn’t just Apple but the EU itself that is engaged in this sophistry.”
A spokesperson for the fee stated it was “seriously committed to ensuring transparency and traceability of the critical raw materials both on the bilateral and multinational level”.
One of many key goals of its settlement with Rwanda was “to reinforce the fight against illegal trafficking of minerals”, they added.
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