When Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg appeared on a Jan. 10, 2025, episode of “The Joe Rogan Experience,” he lamented that company tradition had grow to be too “feminine,” suppressing its “masculine energy” and abandoning supposedly beneficial traits reminiscent of aggression.
The office, he concluded, has been “neutered.”
Maybe not surprisingly, Zuckerberg has additionally embraced stereotypically masculine pursuits in his private life. He’s grow to be a blended martial arts aficionado and has shared his affinity for smoking meats. On his expansive Hawaii compound, he’s even taken up bow-and-arrow pig searching.
He’s come a good distance from the geeky picture of his youth.
However is Zuckerberg proper? Do workplaces within the U.S. must embrace a extra diesel-fueled, street-fighting, meat-eating mentality?
As a social psychologist who research masculinity and aggression, I believe it’s necessary to guage what the science says about Zuckerbeg’s claims – and to think about what it means for the way forward for office tradition within the U.S.
Present no weak point
In 2018, sociologist Jennifer Berdahl and her colleagues coined the time period “masculinity contest culture” to explain workplaces rife with cutthroat competitors, poisonous management, bullying and harassment.
Integrating a long time of prior analysis on masculinity within the office, Berdahl and her collaborators have been in a position to map how masculinity contest cultures function, in addition to present how they have an effect on organizations and particular person staff.
In her experiments, she had members agree or disagree with statements reminiscent of “expressing any emotion other than anger or pride is seen as weak,” based mostly on their perceptions of their very own group. Utilizing superior statistical techinques, Berdahl’s crew was in a position to distill masculinity contest cultures right down to 4 parts: “showing no weakness,” “strength and stamina,” “putting work first” and “dog eat dog.”
Then they have been in a position to present how these cultures are tied to a bunch of unfavourable outcomes for staff and firms, reminiscent of burnout, turnover and poor well-being. And on the group degree, they’ll foment a dysfunctional workplace surroundings, poisonous management and even bullying and harassment.
An imagined grievance
Primarily based on this analysis, then, it looks as if selling inflexible masculinity within the office shouldn’t be the very best resolution for an arguably already struggling Meta.
What, then, led Zuckerberg to say that the office has been neutered and have to be infused with masculine vitality? Has the American workplace actually gone full “Legally Blonde”?
Zuckerberg’s personal firm isn’t precisely a paragon of parity: Its complete workforce, as of 2022, was almost two-thirds male, whereas its tech workforce was three-quarters male. Moreover, in line with psychologists Sapna Cheryan and Hazel Markus, workplaces within the U.S. nonetheless mirror what they name “masculine defaults” – cultures that reward traits or behaviors usually related to males.
This may vary from how corporations describe themselves – for instance, as locations which might be “aggressive” and “unrestrained” – to internet hosting occasions catering to historically male pursuits, reminiscent of golf outings.
Many workplaces within the U.S. nonetheless promote and prize historically masculine traits and pursuits.
Daniel Boczarski/Getty Pictures for PXG
Though Cheryan and Markus’ evaluation facilities on how masculine defaults make it more durable for ladies to carve out their skilled paths, they’ll hurt everyone, together with males.
My analysis, for instance, has proven that when males really feel pressured to satisfy sure masculine expectations, they’ll develop fragile masculine identities, that are linked with aggression and anxiousness.
Though the pervasiveness of masculinity norms can provide males an higher hand within the office, I ponder whether males are contorting themselves to suit into outdated molds of who succeeds at work. Certainly, analysis reveals that profitable organizations promote a wholesome mixture of stereotypically masculine and female qualities.
In different phrases, it’s finest when individuals of all genders really feel comfy showcasing traits reminiscent of cooperation and company, qualities that don’t essentially fall into one gender camp.
The rise of the delicate billionaire
If many workplaces nonetheless possess dog-eat-dog cultures and rejoice masculinity – with evidently poor outcomes – you would possibly surprise why billionaire company leaders would advocate for them.
Essentially the most beneficiant rationalization is ignorance. Zuckerberg might merely be unaware that the majority places of work within the U.S. nonetheless possess aggressive environments and traits related to conventional masculinity.
Though this could possibly be the case, I believe there could possibly be two different explanations for Zuckerberg’s promotion of inflexible masculinity norms.
There could possibly be an financial motive. Maybe Zuckerberg thinks that selling his firm as an enviornment of high-stakes competitors and aggression is the easiest way to draw expertise and spur innovation in a discipline already dominated by males. It’s typically thought that competitors drives innovation. So “Meta needs to be more masculine” might truly be code for “Meta needs to breed more internal competition, which will spur innovation and turn a profit.” This assumption can also be misguided: Current analysis has proven that inside competitors may very well stifle innovation.
There may be a psychological motive. I’ve present in my analysis that males are probably to cling to notions of inflexible masculinity after they really feel strain to “man up” and are insecure about themselves.
Maybe Zuckerberg sees variety efforts as a problem to his energy. Perhaps he thinks aligning himself with President Donald Trump’s model of masculinity will assist him achieve and retain energy, particularly as he faces challenges from different tech giants. So his promotion of an aggressive office, alongside along with his slashing of insurance policies that would make him look “weak,” are strikes to strengthen his standing as a pacesetter, as an innovator and as a person.
This isn’t to say that actions reminiscent of searching and blended martial arts are inherently dangerous, and even inherently masculine: There are many feminine hunters and UFC fighters. Neither is it to say that sure masculine traits within the office are inherently dangerous.
However after I see middle-aged billionaires – Zuckerberg isn’t the one one – exhibiting the indicators of fragile masculinity that I’ve noticed amongst younger grownup males and adolescent boys, I can’t assist however surprise what the nation’s future holds.
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